In the United States, a consumer's complaint is received by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) as well as state and local consumer protection offices, if the consumer chooses to file. Each of these entities posses the government authority to take certain actions upon receiving a complaint, whether it be an investigation, cease and desist order, or mediation. Generally, the first step involves only investigation. Before any official actions can take place, it is necessary that the agency confirms the validity of the claim. A consumer's complaint that is found to be invalid or misguided will, of course, no longer be pursued. Since each state has varying laws regarding consumer protection, the steps following a successful investigation can vary as well. Generally, the consumer protection office will administer a process of mediation between the individual and "defendant." If mediation or arbitration doesn't properly handle the violation, one of two more severe procedures may take ensue - cases deemed to be of widespread significance may be filed on behalf of the state or FTC, or the consumer may be guided to file his or her own lawsuit in district court.